Background and Aim: The Sanitary and Phytosanitary Agreement (SPS) govern regulations aimed at protecting human, Animal and Plant Health. Today, in the international system of many governments, regulations have been established to ensure the Health of consumers' food and to prevent the spread of pests or diseases among Animals and Plants. This Health (human and Animal Health) and phytosanitary (Plant Health) measures in the form of international commitments have raised the protection areas to some extent, but the challenges facing the effective implementation of guarantees lead to non-compliance with international commitments in It has various forms that can threaten human Health. Method: This research is of a theoretical type and the research method is descriptive-analytical and the method of collecting information is library-based and by referring to documents, books and articles. Ethical Considerations: In this research, the principles of trustworthiness, honesty, neutrality and originality of the work have been respected. Results: In relation to regulations related to Health and safety, the Agreement on Technical Barriers (Conservation of Natural Habitats) over trade has been replaced by the Agreement on Sanitary and Phytosanitary Measures (SPS). The occurrence of danger for human, Animal and Plant Health has been compiled. In this article, we will examine the measures taken in the SPS agreement. Conclusion: The purpose of this agreement is to create a framework of rules and principles necessary to develop, approve and implement sanitary and phytosanitary measures in order to reduce the negative effects on trade. Among these forms, we can mention the requirement to import products from disease-free areas, product inspection, special inspection or processing of products, determining the maximum allowed levels of pesticide residues or the permitted use of certain additives in food. Please cite this article as: Paksima I, Mirabbasi SB, Sadeghi M, Mousavi Mirkolaei ST. An Analysis on the Legal Development of Human, Animal and Plant Health with an Emphasis on the Agreement on Health and Plant Health Measures (SPS). Medical Law Journal. 2024; 18: e17.

Knowledge of the relationships between biotic components of rangeland ecosystem i. e. herbivores and Plants is important for range managers. In order to study herbivorse grazing intensity on Plant species diversity, an experiment was conductef using fuor grazing treatments in darrehshar rangelands, Ilam province in 2015. Plant species data were taken based on a randomized-systematic sampling method. Numerical values of diversity, richness and evenness indices were calculated using PAST as well as Ecological Methodology softwares. Significant differences were observed between grazing treatments for all diversity indices, except Camargo evenness index (P ≤ 0. 05). The highest values of Simpson and Shannon diversity indices as 0. 916 and 3. 96 respectively were obtained in the ungrazed site and the lowest values of those indices as 0. 87 and 3. 36 were obtained in the heavy grazing treatment. Ungrazed site had 6. 4 ٪ and 12. 2 ٪ higher diversity than the heavily grazed site. The highest values of Margalef and Menhinick richness as 4. 66 and 0. 91 were obtaned in the moderately grazed site. The lowest values of those indices as 2. 71 and 0. 598 were occurred in the heavy grazing site. Margalef and Menhinick indices values in the moderately grazed site were 36. 8 ٪ and 46% higher than those in the heavy grazing treatment, respectively. The highest modified and Smith & Wilson evenness indices with average values of 0. 163 and 0. 272 were obtained in the heavy grazing site and the lowest values with the average of 0. 101 and 0. 178 were in the ungrazed area. This study concludes that heavy grazing intensity can adversely affect Plant species diversity in semisteppe rangelands.

Archaeobotany is one of the interdisciplinary sciences in archaeology. Archaeobotany studies Plant remains in archaeological contexts. Based on Plant findings, it discusses topics such as people's livelihood, agriculture, vegetation, climate changes, dating, etc. So, this course can reply to many questions archaeologists face about an ancient site and people. In recent years, archaeologists have paid a lot of attention to this field and tried to use experts in excavations. One of the excavations that has paid a lot of attention to archaeobotany, is Feyzabad site. This site has Islamic periods. During the excavation in 2022 in this site, some ovens were found, as well as some samples from them. In this research, we intend to answer questions such as the functioning of the sampled ovens and the identification of Plant remains in the ovens. Finally, by combining the information found, we will shed light on the lives of the people of this period. By doing this research, our information about the life of the people belonging to this area, their livelihood and the common types of Plant remains used in this area will increase. Also, micro information about climatic conditions will be obtained. After carrying out the necessary investigations and research, it was found that the ovens found in the trench D8 are related to cooking to the inner part of the royal citadel. Besides the more specialized work that is being done, Animal husbandry and agriculture are popular. Some climate changes such as warmer weather and less humidity were also identified